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Louis XV (1710-1774)

Biography

Louis XV (1710-1774)

The great-grandson of Louis XIV of France who succeeded to the throne at just ...five years old, Louis XV became the miraculous saviour of the dynasty. His long reign lasted fifty-nine years.
Louis XI (1423 – 1483)

Biography

Louis XI (1423 – 1483)

French monarch Louis XI made a triumphal ascension to the throne, affirming ...“Je suis France” (I am France). He went on to expand and effectively unify the Kingdom of France. With the Treaty of Picquigny (1475), the English were forced to give up the French throne.
Louis XIII (1601-1643)

Biography

Louis XIII (1601-1643)

It’s impossible to speak of Louis XIII without mentioning his chief minister, ...Cardinal Richelieu, without whose approval he refused to make any decisions. Against all odds, Louis XIII stood by Richelieu during the famous Day of the Dupes.

Jean II the Good (1319-1364)

Biography

Jean II the Good (1319-1364)

A brave knight, nicknamed “the Good”, after his liberation from London ...thanks to the Treaty of Brétigny, when John II learned that his son Louis of Anjou had escaped, effectively renouncing his role as a replacement hostage, John the Good, being an honourable man, returned to London to surrender himself. He died there.
Charles IX (1550-1574)

Biography

Charles IX (1550-1574)

The second son of Henry II and Catherine de’Medici to accede to the throne ...following the death of Francis II, the reign of Charles IX was marked by the Wars of Religion and the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre.
Louis X, called the Quarreler, the Headstrong, or the Stubborn (1289-1316)

Biography

Louis X, called the Quarreller ...(1289-1316)

The eldest son of Philip IV the Fair, at his premature death, Louis X was the ...first Capetian without a male heir. Left a widow by Margaret of Burgundy, his second wife, Clementia of Hungary, gave birth to a son after his death, who also died. Succession to the throne was now open.
Louis IX (Saint Louis) 1214-1270

Biography

Louis IX (Saint Louis) 1214-1270

A Crusader King, Louis IX, known as Saint Louis, was the tenacious adversary of ...the final Cathars. Thomas Aquinas at the Sorbonne, construction of the Holy Chapel: his reign saw the peak of the French Civilisation of the Middle Ages.
Philip IV the Fair (1268 – 1314)

Biography

Philip IV the Fair (1268 – 1314)

Surrounded by “legal” advisors, a forewarning of a future French executive ...administration, Philip the Fair, the first modern sovereign of a strong and centralised State, emerged victorious in his conflict with Pope Boniface VIII and his battle against the Knights Templar.

Philip I (1052-1108)

Biography

Philip I (1052-1108)

Under the reign of Philip I, the policy of the Capetian kings was drawn up. It ...focused on: consolidating the royal domain and suppressing vassals who were too powerful, including the most formidable of the time, William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy, who became King of England.
Philip II Augustus (1165 – 1223)

Biography

Philip II Augustus (1165 – 1223)

Philip II Augustus won the famous Battle of Bouvines, a major moment in the ...history of France, against the emperor Otton IV and the Count of Flanders, who were allied with England, making him the most powerful king in Europe.

Charles VI the Mad (1368-1422)

Biography

Charles VI the Mad (1368-1422)

Charles VI, the eldest son of Charles V and Jeanne de Bourbon, was twelve years ...old when his father died in 1380. His coronation took place in Reims, and the advisors of his father were replaced by his uncles, the Dukes of Burgundy, Anjou, Berry and Bourbon.
Louis XVI (1754 – 1793)

Biography

Louis XVI (1754 – 1793)

At the turn of the Revolution, Louis XVI was unable to resolve the ...contradictions between the abandonment of absolutism and the birth of public life, and the need for reforms and to preserve the traditions and ideals of the monarchy.
Danton (1759-1794)

Biography

Danton (1759-1794)

A popular orator, also referred to as "Mirabeau of the populace", Danton was a ...leading figure in the French Revolution. After initially being one of the instigators of the Reign of Terror, he found himself at the head of a group known as the Indulgents and was in fact sentenced to death for opposing The Terror.
Henry III (1551-1589)

Biography

Henry III (1551-1589)

Henry III, the last of the Valois, was the third son of Henry II and Catherine ...de Médicis. He was Duke of Orléans, Duke of Anjou and then Lieutenant General. He won battles over the Protestants at Jarnac, Poitiers and Moncontour (1569).
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